WIDAL test Kit and Card
- For diagnosis of salmonella typhi and paratyphi A and B infection i.e. enteric fever
- Principle: Slide Agglutination test
- Antigens used: O antigen (somatic antigen) of Salmonella typhi , H antigen ( flagellar antigen) of Salmonella typhi, AH and BH ( Flagellar antigen of Salmonella paratyphi A and B)
2.
BHI broth and Selenite F. broth
BHI broth: -Brain Heart Infusion Broth
- Enrichment media
- Used for blood culture and body fluid like peritoneal and pleural fluid culture
- Blood: broth ratio = 1:10
Selenite F broth : selective and enrichment media for Salmonella and Shigella
: F stands for feces
: used for the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella from faecal specimens.
3.
Antibiotic susceptibility Test
Agar: Muller Hinton's Agar
Method of inoculation : Carpet or Lawn culture
Use: to detect the resistance of bacteria to any antibiotics OR, conversely , to detect the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics
Choice of antibiotic : Any antibiotic with significant zone of clearance and choice depends upon patient's character/ compliance and drug availability
Multi drug resistance: resistant to atleast one drug from atleast any 3 groups
ESBL (extended spectrum beta lactamase ) : These enzyme producing bacteria are resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins as well
MBL (metallo beta lactamase) : these enzymes producing bacteria are resistant to carbapenems as well
Pan drug resistant : resistant to all the discovered antibiotics
4.
Biochemical reactions for Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Urease: positive (pink)
SIM: H2S (negative) Indole (negative) Motility (negative)
Citrate: positive (blue)
TSI : A+/A- i.e. Acidic (yellow) slant by acidic (yellow) butt with gas positive but H2S negative
5.
Biochemical tests for E. coli
Citrate: Negative (green)
Urease: Negative (light orange)
SIM: H2S (positive) Indole (positive i.e red ring forms on addition of KOvac's reagent) Motility (positive)
TSI : A+/A- i.e. acidic slant by acidic butt with gas positive but H2S negative
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